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Borghese
Borghese is the surname of a family of Italian noble and papal background, originating in Siena as the Borghese or Borghesi, where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding official offices under the commune. more...
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The head of the family, Marcantonio I moved to Rome in the 16th century and there, following the election (1605) of his son Camillo Borghese as Pope Paul V who was an unabashed nepotist, they rose in power and wealth.
Borghese of Siena
The house originated with Tiezzo da Monticiano, a 13th century wool merchant in Siena, whose nephew Borghese gave his name to the family. Among the important Sienese Borghese are:
Agostino (1390-1462), noted soldier in the wars between Siena and Florence, named county palatine by Pope Pius II and count of the Holy Roman Empire by Sigismund;
Niccolò (1432-1500), man of letters, philosopher, and important political figure in the Sienese Republic belonging to the Monte dei Nove.;
Pietro (1469-1527), named a senator of Rome by Pope Leo X, killed in the \"lotta dei Cofani\".;
Marcantonio I (1504-1574), politician and lawyer in papal service.;
Borghese of Rome
The head of the family, Marcantonio I, moved to Rome in 1541 and this Sienese family rapidly gained access to Roman society, culminating in the election (1605) of Marcantonio I's son Camillo Borghese as Pope Paul V. Paul V was an unabashed nepotist, naming his brother Francesco (1556-1620) duke of Rignano and general of the papal army, his other brother Giambattista (1554-1609) governor of the Borgo and castellan of Castel Sant'Angelo, and his sister Ortensia's son Scipione Caffarelli (1576-1633, becoming Scipione Borghese on his adoption) a cardinal and his adoptive son. Paul also bestowed on his nephew Scipione the title prince of Vivero on (November 17, 1609). As a group, the Borghese became some of the largest landowners of the Roman Campagna, increasing their wealth by their strategic direct control of their properties and a concerted policy of assuming monopolies of milling grain and rights to run inns .
Thus the Borghese family rose still further in power and wealth. Many of Paul V's official inscriptions include ROMANUS after his name, to reinforce the family's new Roman connection. Scipione was a major patron of the arts, and the family art collection ) burgeoned under his guardianship (formerly housed at the family seat in Rome, Palazzo Borghese, it has since 1903 been established as the Galleria Borghese, located in the family's former property Villa Borghese).
Marcantonio II (1598-1658), son of Giambattista, was named prince of Sulmona in 1610 by Philip III of Spain, again thanks to Paul V's influence. In 1619 Marcantonio II married Camilla Orsini, becoming heir to both the Borghese and Orsini families. His son Paolo (1624-1646) married Olimpia Aldobrandini, princess of Rossano, and by this marriage enabled the Borghese to lay claim to the Aldobrandini family legacy, though this right was only recognised in 1769 after protracted court battles. Along with Paolo's titles, Olimpia handed the title of prince of Rossano to their son Marcantonio III (1660-1729), who also became viceroy of Naples.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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